import logging import os import json from abc import abstractmethod import pygame as pg from pygame.locals import * from . import constants as c logger = logging.getLogger("main") # 状态机 抽象基类 class State(): def __init__(self): self.start_time = 0 self.current_time = 0 self.done = False # false 代表未做完 self.next = None # 表示这个状态退出后要转到的下一个状态 self.persist = {} # 在状态间转换时需要传递的数据 # 当从其他状态进入这个状态时，需要进行的初始化操作 @abstractmethod def startup(self, current_time, persist): # 前面加了@abstractmethod表示抽象基类中必须要重新定义的method（method是对象和函数的结合） pass # 当从这个状态退出时，需要进行的清除操作 def cleanup(self): self.done = False return self.persist # 在这个状态运行时进行的更新操作 @abstractmethod def update(self, surface, keys, current_time): # 前面加了@abstractmethod表示抽象基类中必须要重新定义的method pass # 工具：范围判断函数，用于判断点击 def inArea(self, rect, x, y): if (rect.x <= x <= rect.right and rect.y <= y <= rect.bottom): return True else: return False # 工具：用户数据保存函数 def saveUserData(self): with open(c.USERDATA_PATH, "w") as f: userdata = {} for i in self.game_info: if i in c.INIT_USERDATA: userdata[i] = self.game_info[i] data_to_save = json.dumps(userdata, sort_keys=True, indent=4) f.write(data_to_save) # 进行游戏控制 循环 事件响应 class Control(): def __init__(self): self.screen = pg.display.get_surface() self.done = False self.clock = pg.time.Clock() # 创建一个对象来帮助跟踪时间 self.keys = pg.key.get_pressed() self.mouse_pos = None self.mouse_click = [False, False] # value:[left mouse click, right mouse click] self.current_time = 0.0 self.state_dict = {} self.state_name = None self.state = None try: # 存在存档即导入 # 先自动修复读写权限(Python权限规则和Unix不一样，420表示unix的644，Windows自动忽略不支持项) os.chmod(c.USERDATA_PATH, 420) with open(c.USERDATA_PATH) as f: userdata = json.load(f) except FileNotFoundError: self.setupUserData() except json.JSONDecodeError: logger.warning("用户存档解码错误！程序将新建初始存档！\n") self.setupUserData() else: # 没有引发异常才执行 self.game_info = {} # 导入数据，保证了可运行性，但是放弃了数据向后兼容性，即假如某些变量在以后改名，在导入时可能会被重置 need_to_rewrite = False for key in c.INIT_USERDATA: if key in userdata: self.game_info[key] = userdata[key] else: self.game_info[key] = c.INIT_USERDATA[key] need_to_rewrite = True if need_to_rewrite: with open(c.USERDATA_PATH, "w") as f: savedata = json.dumps(self.game_info, sort_keys=True, indent=4) f.write(savedata) # 存档内不包含即时游戏时间信息，需要新建 self.game_info[c.CURRENT_TIME] = 0 # 50为目前的基础帧率，乘以倍率即是游戏帧率 self.fps = 50 * self.game_info[c.GAME_RATE] def setupUserData(self): if not os.path.exists(os.path.dirname(c.USERDATA_PATH)): os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(c.USERDATA_PATH)) with open(c.USERDATA_PATH, "w") as f: savedata = json.dumps(c.INIT_USERDATA, sort_keys=True, indent=4) f.write(savedata) self.game_info = c.INIT_USERDATA.copy() # 内部全是不可变对象，浅拷贝即可 def setup_states(self, state_dict, start_state): self.state_dict = state_dict self.state_name = start_state self.state = self.state_dict[self.state_name] self.state.startup(self.current_time, self.game_info) def update(self): # 自 pygame_init() 调用以来的毫秒数 * 游戏速度倍率，即游戏时间 self.current_time = pg.time.get_ticks() * self.game_info[c.GAME_RATE] if self.state.done: self.flip_state() self.state.update(self.screen, self.current_time, self.mouse_pos, self.mouse_click) self.mouse_pos = None self.mouse_click[0] = False self.mouse_click[1] = False # 状态转移 def flip_state(self): if self.state.next == c.EXIT: pg.quit() os._exit(0) self.state_name = self.state.next persist = self.state.cleanup() self.state = self.state_dict[self.state_name] self.state.startup(self.current_time, persist) def event_loop(self): for event in pg.event.get(): if event.type == pg.QUIT: self.done = True elif event.type == pg.KEYDOWN: self.keys = pg.key.get_pressed() if event.key == pg.K_f: pg.display.set_mode(c.SCREEN_SIZE, pg.HWSURFACE|pg.FULLSCREEN) elif event.key == pg.K_u: pg.display.set_mode(c.SCREEN_SIZE) elif event.type == pg.KEYUP: self.keys = pg.key.get_pressed() elif event.type == pg.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: self.mouse_pos = pg.mouse.get_pos() self.mouse_click[0], _, self.mouse_click[1] = pg.mouse.get_pressed() # self.mouse_click[0]表示左键，self.mouse_click[1]表示右键 print(f"点击位置: ({self.mouse_pos[0]:3}, {self.mouse_pos[1]:3}) 左右键点击情况: {self.mouse_click}") def run(self): while not self.done: self.event_loop() self.update() pg.display.update() self.clock.tick(self.fps) def get_image(sheet, x, y, width, height, colorkey=c.BLACK, scale=1): # 不保留alpha通道的图片导入 image = pg.Surface([width, height]) rect = image.get_rect() image.blit(sheet, (0, 0), (x, y, width, height)) if colorkey: image.set_colorkey(colorkey) image = pg.transform.scale(image, (int(rect.width*scale), int(rect.height*scale))) return image def get_image_alpha(sheet, x, y, width, height, colorkey=c.BLACK, scale=1): # 保留alpha通道的图片导入 image = pg.Surface([width, height], SRCALPHA) rect = image.get_rect() image.blit(sheet, (0, 0), (x, y, width, height)) image.set_colorkey(colorkey) image = pg.transform.scale(image, (int(rect.width*scale), int(rect.height*scale))) return image def load_image_frames(directory, image_name, colorkey, accept): frame_list = [] tmp = {} # image_name is "Peashooter", pic name is "Peashooter_1", get the index 1 index_start = len(image_name) + 1 frame_num = 0 for pic in os.listdir(directory): name, ext = os.path.splitext(pic) if ext.lower() in accept: index = int(name[index_start:]) img = pg.image.load(os.path.join(directory, pic)) if img.get_alpha(): img = img.convert_alpha() else: img = img.convert() img.set_colorkey(colorkey) tmp[index]= img frame_num += 1 for i in range(frame_num): # 这里注意编号必须连续，否则会出错 frame_list.append(tmp[i]) return frame_list # colorkeys 是设置图像中的某个颜色值为透明,这里用来消除白边 def load_all_gfx(directory, colorkey=c.WHITE, accept=(".png", ".jpg", ".bmp", ".gif", ".webp")): graphics = {} for name1 in os.listdir(directory): # subfolders under the folder resources\graphics dir1 = os.path.join(directory, name1) if os.path.isdir(dir1): for name2 in os.listdir(dir1): dir2 = os.path.join(dir1, name2) if os.path.isdir(dir2): # e.g. subfolders under the folder resources\graphics\Zombies for name3 in os.listdir(dir2): dir3 = os.path.join(dir2, name3) # e.g. subfolders or pics under the folder resources\graphics\Zombies\ConeheadZombie if os.path.isdir(dir3): # e.g. it"s the folder resources\graphics\Zombies\ConeheadZombie\ConeheadZombieAttack image_name, _ = os.path.splitext(name3) graphics[image_name] = load_image_frames(dir3, image_name, colorkey, accept) else: # e.g. pics under the folder resources\graphics\Plants\Peashooter image_name, _ = os.path.splitext(name2) graphics[image_name] = load_image_frames(dir2, image_name, colorkey, accept) break else: # e.g. pics under the folder resources\graphics\Screen name, ext = os.path.splitext(name2) if ext.lower() in accept: img = pg.image.load(dir2) if img.get_alpha(): img = img.convert_alpha() else: img = img.convert() img.set_colorkey(colorkey) graphics[name] = img return graphics pg.display.set_caption(c.ORIGINAL_CAPTION) # 设置标题 SCREEN = pg.display.set_mode(c.SCREEN_SIZE) # 设置初始屏幕 pg.mixer.set_num_channels(255) # 设置可以同时播放的音频数量，默认为8，经常不够用 if os.path.exists(c.ORIGINAL_LOGO): # 设置窗口图标，仅对非Nuitka时生效，Nuitka不需要包括额外的图标文件，自动跳过这一过程即可 pg.display.set_icon(pg.image.load(c.ORIGINAL_LOGO)) GFX = load_all_gfx(c.PATH_IMG_DIR)