diff --git a/packages/runtime/src/errors.ts b/packages/runtime/src/errors.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2b3b20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/runtime/src/errors.ts
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export class InvalidLanguageError extends Error{}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/runtime/src/formatterRegistry.ts b/packages/runtime/src/formatterRegistry.ts
index 629f657..1acbd1e 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/src/formatterRegistry.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime/src/formatterRegistry.ts
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ const EmptyFormatters:any = {
     $config:{},
     $types:{}
 }
+
 export class VoerkaI18nFormatterRegistry{
     // 由于语言的格式化器集合允许是一个异步加载块，所以需要一个ready标志
     // 当语言格式化器集合加载完成后，ready标志才会变为true
@@ -101,6 +102,36 @@ export class VoerkaI18nFormatterRegistry{
     getConfig(language?:string){
         return language ? getByPath(this.#formatters,`${language}.$config`,{defaultValue:{}}) : {}                
     }
+    /**
+     获取指定语言中为每个数据类型指定的格式化器
+     */
+    getTypes(language?:string){
+        return language ? getByPath(this.#formatters,`${language}.$types`,{defaultValue:{}}) : {}                
+    }
+    /**
+     获取指定语言中为每个数据类型指定的格式化器
+     */
+    getFormatters(language?:string){
+        return language ? getByPath(this.#formatters,language,{defaultValue:{}}) : {}                
+    }
+    /**
+     * 更新指定语言的格式化器配置参数
+     * @param language 
+     * @param config 
+     */
+    updateConfig(language:string,config:VoerkaI18nFormatterConfigs){
+        if(language in this.#formatters){
+            const formatters = this.#formatters[language]
+            if(typeof(formatters)=='function'){
+                throw new FormattersNotLoadedError(language)
+            }else{ 
+                if(!formatters.$config){
+                    formatters.$config = {}
+                }
+                Object.assign(formatters.$config,config)
+            }
+        }        
+    }
     /**
      * 返回指定语言是否具有格式化器集合
      * @param language 
@@ -151,4 +182,13 @@ export class VoerkaI18nFormatterRegistry{
         if(!this.#ready) throw new FormattersNotLoadedError(this.#language)
         return (this.#formatters[this.#language] as VoerkaI18nFormatters).$config as VoerkaI18nFormatterConfigs
     }
+    get types(){
+        if(!this.#ready) throw new FormattersNotLoadedError(this.#language)
+        return (this.#formatters[this.#language] as VoerkaI18nFormatters).$types as VoerkaI18nFormatterConfigs
+    }
+    get items(){
+        if(!this.#ready) throw new FormattersNotLoadedError(this.#language)
+        return this.#formatters[this.#language]  as VoerkaI18nFormatterConfigs
+    }  
+
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/runtime/src/interpolate.ts b/packages/runtime/src/interpolate.ts
index fbd8f44..66e620d 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/src/interpolate.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime/src/interpolate.ts
@@ -173,23 +173,24 @@ function getDataTypeDefaultFormatter(scope:VoerkaI18nScope, activeLanguage:strin
 	if (scope.cache.activeLanguage === activeLanguage) {
 		if (scope.cache.typedFormatters && dataType in scope.cache.typedFormatters)
 			return scope.cache.typedFormatters[dataType];
-	} else {
-		// 当语言切换时清空缓存
-		resetScopeCache(scope, activeLanguage);
+	} else {		
+		resetScopeCache(scope, activeLanguage);   // 当语言切换时清空缓存
 	}
 	const fallbackLanguage = scope.getLanguage(activeLanguage)?.fallback;
 	// 先在当前作用域中查找，再在全局查找
 	const targets = [
-		scope.activeFormatters,
-		fallbackLanguage ? scope.formatters[fallbackLanguage] : null, // 如果指定了回退语言时,也在该回退语言中查找
-		scope.global.formatters[activeLanguage],
-		scope.global.formatters["*"],
+		scope.formatters.types,
+        scope.formatters.getTypes(fallbackLanguage),
+        scope.formatters.getTypes("*"),       
+        scope.global.formatters.types,
+        scope.global.formatters.getTypes(fallbackLanguage),
+        scope.global.formatters.getTypes("*"),    
 	];
+
 	for (const target of targets) {
 		if (!target) continue;
         if(target){
             if (isPlainObject(target.$types) && isFunction(target.$types?.[dataType])) {
-
                 return (scope.cache.typedFormatters[dataType] = target.$types[dataType]);
             }
         }		
@@ -201,6 +202,9 @@ function getDataTypeDefaultFormatter(scope:VoerkaI18nScope, activeLanguage:strin
  *
  * 查找逻辑
  *  - 在当前作用域中查找
+ *      - 当前语言
+ *      - 回退语言
+ *      - 全局语言      
  *  - 在全局作用域中查找
  *
  * @param {*} scope
@@ -210,30 +214,32 @@ function getDataTypeDefaultFormatter(scope:VoerkaI18nScope, activeLanguage:strin
  */
 function getFormatter(scope:VoerkaI18nScope, activeLanguage:string, name:string) {
 	// 1. 从缓存中直接读取： 缓存格式化器引用，避免重复检索
-	if (!scope.$cache) resetScopeCache(scope);
-	if (scope.$cache.activeLanguage === activeLanguage) {
-		if (name in scope.$cache.formatters)
-			return scope.$cache.formatters[name];
+	if (!scope.cache) resetScopeCache(scope,activeLanguage);
+	if (scope.cache.activeLanguage === activeLanguage) {
+		if (name in scope.cache.formatters)
+			return scope.cache.formatters[name];
 	} else {		// 当语言切换时清空缓存
 		resetScopeCache(scope, activeLanguage);
 	}
-	const fallbackLanguage = scope.getLanguage(activeLanguage).fallback;
+	const fallbackLanguage = scope.getLanguage(activeLanguage)?.fallback;
 	// 2. 先在当前作用域中查找，再在全局查找 formatters={$types,$config,[格式化器名称]:()=>{},[格式化器名称]:()=>{}}
 	const range = [
-		scope.activeFormatters,
-		scope.formatters[fallbackLanguage], // 如果指定了回退语言时,也在该回退语言中查找
-        scope.formatters["*"],
-		scope.global.formatters[activeLanguage], // 适用于activeLanguage全局格式化器
-        scope.global.formatters[fallbackLanguage],
-		scope.global.formatters["*"], // 适用于所有语言的格式化器
+		scope.formatters.formatters,
+        scope.formatters.getFormatters(fallbackLanguage),
+        scope.formatters.getFormatters('*'),
+        
+        scope.global.formatters.formatters,
+        scope.global.formatters.getFormatters(fallbackLanguage),
+        scope.global.formatters.getFormatters('*'),
 	];
 	for (const formatters of range) {
 		if (!formatters) continue;
 		if (isFunction(formatters[name])) {
-			return (scope.$cache.formatters[name] = formatters[name]);
+			return (scope.cache.formatters[name] = formatters[name]);
 		}
 	}
 }
+
 /**
  * Checker是一种特殊的格式化器，会在特定的时间执行
  *
@@ -441,7 +447,7 @@ export function replaceInterpolatedVars(this:VoerkaI18nScope,template:string, ..
 		// 读取模板字符串中的插值变量列表
 		// [[var1,[formatter,formatter,...],match],[var2,[formatter,formatter,...],match],...}
 		let varValues = args[0];
-		return forEachInterpolatedVars(template,(varname, formatters, match) => {
+		return forEachInterpolatedVars(template,(varname:string, formatters, match) => {
 				let value = varname in varValues ? varValues[varname] : "";
 				return getFormattedValue(scope,activeLanguage,formatters,value,template);
 			}
@@ -452,7 +458,7 @@ export function replaceInterpolatedVars(this:VoerkaI18nScope,template:string, ..
 		const params =args.length === 1 && Array.isArray(args[0]) ? [...args[0]] : args;
 		if (params.length === 0) return template; // 没有变量则不需要进行插值处理，返回原字符串
 		let i = 0;
-		return forEachInterpolatedVars(template,(varname, formatters, match) => {
+		return forEachInterpolatedVars(template,(varname:string, formatters, match) => {
 				if (params.length > i) {
 					return getFormattedValue(scope,activeLanguage,formatters,params[i++],template);
 				} else {
diff --git a/packages/runtime/src/scope.ts b/packages/runtime/src/scope.ts
index 7b61fd6..c4e8953 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/src/scope.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime/src/scope.ts
@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ import type {
     VoerkaI18nScopeCache, 
     VoerkaI18nTranslate, 
     VoerkaI18nLoaders, 
-VoerkaI18nTypesFormatters,
-VoerkaI18nFormatters,
-VoerkaI18nDynamicLanguageMessages,
-VoerkaI18nTypesFormatterConfigs
+    VoerkaI18nTypesFormatters,
+    VoerkaI18nFormatters,
+    VoerkaI18nDynamicLanguageMessages,
 } from "./types" 
 import { VoerkaI18nFormatterRegistry } from './formatterRegistry';
+import { InvalidLanguageError } from "./errors"
 
 export interface VoerkaI18nScopeOptions {
     id?: string
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ export class VoerkaI18nScope {
 	 * @param {*} language
 	 * @returns
 	 */
-	private getLanguage(language:string):VoerkaI18nLanguageDefine | undefined{
+	getLanguage(language:string):VoerkaI18nLanguageDefine | undefined{
 		let index = this.languages.findIndex((lng) => lng.name == language);
 		if (index !== -1) return this.languages[index];
 	}
@@ -311,7 +311,42 @@ export class VoerkaI18nScope {
 		this.#options.messages = this.default;
 		this.#options.activeLanguage = this.defaultLanguage;
 	}
-    
+    /**
+     *  语言信息包可以是:
+     *   - 简单的对象{}
+     *   - 或者是一个返回Promise<VoerkaI18nLanguageMessages>的异步函数
+     *  
+     * 
+     * 
+     * @param language 语言名称
+     * @returns 
+     */
+    private async loadLanguageMessages(language:string):Promise<VoerkaI18nLanguageMessages>{
+        if(!this.hasLanguage(language)) throw new InvalidLanguageError(`Not found language <${language}>`)
+        // 非默认语言可以是：语言包对象，也可以是一个异步加载语言包文件,加载器是一个异步函数
+		// 如果没有加载器，则无法加载语言包，因此回退到默认语言
+		let loader = this.loaders[language];
+        let messages:VoerkaI18nLanguageMessages = {}
+        if (isPlainObject(loader)) {                // 静态语言包
+            messages = loader as unknown as VoerkaI18nLanguageMessages;
+        } else if (isFunction(loader)) {            // 语言包异步chunk
+            messages = (await loader()).default;
+        } else if (isFunction(this.global.defaultMessageLoader)) { 
+            // 从远程加载语言包:如果该语言没有指定加载器，则使用全局配置的默认加载器
+            const loadedMessages = (await this.global.loadMessagesFromDefaultLoader(language,this)) as unknown as VoerkaI18nDynamicLanguageMessages;
+            if(isPlainObject(loadedMessages)){
+                // 需要保存动态语言包中的$config，合并到对应语言的格式化器配置
+                if(isPlainObject(loadedMessages.$config)){           
+                    this.formatters.updateConfig(language,loadedMessages.$config!) 
+                    delete loadedMessages.$config
+                }
+                messages = Object.assign({
+                    $remote : true          // 添加一个标识，表示该语言包是从远程加载的
+                },this.default,loadedMessages); // 合并默认语言包和动态语言包,这样就可以局部覆盖默认语言包
+            }
+        } 
+        return messages
+    }
 	/**
 	 * 刷新当前语言包
 	 * @param {*} newLanguage
@@ -324,50 +359,31 @@ export class VoerkaI18nScope {
 			this.#options.messages = this.default;
 			await this._patch(this.#options.messages, newLanguage); // 异步补丁
 			await this._changeFormatters(newLanguage);
+            this.#refreshing = false
 			return;
-		}
-		// 非默认语言需要异步加载语言包文件,加载器是一个异步函数
-		// 如果没有加载器，则无法加载语言包，因此回退到默认语言
-		let loader = this.loaders[newLanguage];
-		try {
-            let newMessages, useRemote =false;
-			if (isPlainObject(loader)) {                // 静态语言包
-				newMessages = loader;
-			} else if (isFunction(loader)) {            // 语言包异步chunk
-				newMessages = (await loader()).default;
-			} else if (isFunction(this.global.defaultMessageLoader)) { // 从远程加载语言包:如果该语言没有指定加载器，则使用全局配置的默认加载器
-				const loadedMessages = (await this.global.loadMessagesFromDefaultLoader(newLanguage,this)) as unknown as VoerkaI18nDynamicLanguageMessages;
-                if(isPlainObject(loadedMessages)){
-                    useRemote = true
-                    // 需要保存动态语言包中的$config，合并到对应语言的格式化器配置
-                    if(isPlainObject(loadedMessages.$config)){                        
-                        this.formatters[newLanguage] = {
-                            $config  : loadedMessages.$config as any
-                        }
-                        delete loadedMessages.$config
+		}else{ // 非默认语言可以是静态语言包也可以是异步加载语言包
+            try{
+                let messages = await this.loadLanguageMessages(newLanguage)
+                if(messages){
+                    this.#options.messages = messages
+                    this.#options.activeLanguage = newLanguage;       
+                    // 打语言包补丁, 如果是从远程加载语言包则不需要再打补丁了
+                    // 因为远程加载的语言包已经是补丁过的了
+                    if(!messages.$remote) {
+                        await this._patch(this.#options.messages, newLanguage);                    
                     }
-                    newMessages = Object.assign({},this.default,loadedMessages);
+                    // 切换到对应语言的格式化器
+                    await this._changeFormatters(newLanguage);        
+                }else{
+                    this._fallback();
                 }
-			} 
-            if(newMessages){
-                this.#options.messages = newMessages
-                this.#options.activeLanguage = newLanguage;       
-                // 打语言包补丁, 如果是从远程加载语言包则不需要再打补丁了
-                if(!useRemote) {
-                    await this._patch(this.#options.messages, newLanguage);                    
-                }
-                // 切换到对应语言的格式化器
-			    await this._changeFormatters(newLanguage);        
-            }else{
+            }catch(e:any){
+                if (this.debug) console.warn(`Error while loading language <${newLanguage}> on i18nScope(${this.id}): ${e.message}`);
                 this._fallback();
-            }
-
-		} catch (e) {
-			if (this.debug) console.warn(`Error while loading language <${newLanguage}> on i18nScope(${this.id}): ${e.message}`);
-			this._fallback();
-		} finally {
-			this.#refreshing = false;
-		}
+            } finally {
+                this.#refreshing = false;
+            }  
+        } 
 	}
 	/**
 	 * 当指定了默认语言包加载器后，会从服务加载语言补丁包来更新本地的语言包
@@ -386,8 +402,8 @@ export class VoerkaI18nScope {
 				Object.assign(messages, pachedMessages);
 				this._savePatchedMessages(pachedMessages, newLanguage);
 			}
-		} catch (e) {
-			if (this.debug) console.error(`Error while loading <${newLanguage}> patch messages from remote:`,e);
+		} catch (e:any) {
+			if (this.debug) console.error(`Error while loading <${newLanguage}> patch messages from remote:`,e.message);
 		}
 	}
 	/**
diff --git a/packages/runtime/src/translate.ts b/packages/runtime/src/translate.ts
index ed5892b..ff879d3 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/src/translate.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime/src/translate.ts
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ function getPluraMessage(messages:any,value:number){
 * translate("要翻译的文本内容")                                 如果默认语言是中文，则不会进行翻译直接返回
 * translate("I am {} {}","man") == I am man                    位置插值
 * translate("I am {p}",{p:"man"})                              字典插值
-* translate("total {$count} items", {$count:1})  //复数形式 
-* translate("total {} {} {} items",a,b,c)  // 位置变量插值
+* translate("total {$count} items", {$count:1})                复数形式 
+* translate("total {} {} {} items",a,b,c)                      位置变量插值
  * 
  * this===scope  当前绑定的scope
  * 
@@ -75,37 +75,41 @@ function getPluraMessage(messages:any,value:number){
 export function translate(this:VoerkaI18nScope,message:string,...args:any[]) { 
     const scope = this
     const activeLanguage = scope.global.activeLanguage 
-    let content:string = message
-    let vars=[]                 // 插值变量列表
-    let pluralVars= []          // 复数变量
-    let pluraValue = null       // 复数值
+    // 如果内容是复数，则其值是一个数组，数组中的每个元素是从1-N数量形式的文本内容
+    let result:string | string[] = message
+    let vars=[]                             // 插值变量列表
+    let pluraValue = null                   // 复数值
     if(!(typeof(message)==="string")) return message
     try{
         // 1. 预处理变量:  复数变量保存至pluralVars中 , 变量如果是Function则调用 
-        if(arguments.length === 2 && isPlainObject(arguments[1])){
-            const dictVars:Record<string,any>={}
-            Object.entries(arguments[1]).forEach(([name,value])=>{
-                if(typeof(value)=="function"){
+        if(arguments.length === 2 && isPlainObject(arguments[1])){// 字典插值
+            const dictVars:Record<string,any>=arguments[1]
+            for(const [name,value] of Object.entries(dictVars)){
+                if(isFunction(value)){
                     try{
                         dictVars[name] = value()
                     }catch(e){
                         dictVars[name] = value
                     }
                 } 
-                // 以$开头的视为复数变量
-                if(name.startsWith("$") && typeof(dictVars[name])==="number")  pluralVars.push(name)
-            })
-            vars = [arguments[1]]
-        }else if(arguments.length >= 2){
+                // 以$开头的视为复数变量，记录下来
+                const isNum:boolean = typeof(dictVars[name])==="number"
+                if((pluraValue==null && isNum) || name.startsWith("$") && isNum){
+                    pluraValue = dictVars[name]
+                }
+            }            
+            vars = [dictVars]
+        }else if(arguments.length >= 2){ // 位置插值
             vars = [...arguments].splice(1).map((arg,index)=>{
                 try{
-                    arg = isFunction(arg) ? arg() : arg                    
-                    // 位置参数中以第一个数值变量为复数变量
-                    if(isNumber(arg)) pluraValue = parseInt(arg)    
-                }catch(e){ }
+                    arg = isFunction(arg) ? arg() : arg         
+                    // 约定：位置参数中以第一个数值变量作为指示复数变量
+                    if(isNumber(arg)) pluraValue = parseInt(arg)     
+                }catch(e){
+                    return String(arg)
+                 }
                 return arg   
-            })
-            
+            })            
         }
 
         // 3. 取得翻译文本模板字符串
@@ -114,37 +118,35 @@ export function translate(this:VoerkaI18nScope,message:string,...args:any[]) {
             // 如果当前语言就是默认语言，不需要查询加载，只需要做插值变换即可
             // 当源文件运用了babel插件后会将原始文本内容转换为msgId
             // 如果是msgId则从scope.default中读取,scope.default=默认语言包={<id>:<message>}
-            if(isMessageId(content)){
-                content = scope.default[content] || message
+            if(isMessageId(result)){
+                result = scope.default[result] || message
             }
         }else{ 
             // 2.2 从当前语言包中取得翻译文本模板字符串
             // 如果没有启用babel插件将源文本转换为msgId，需要先将文本内容转换为msgId
-            let msgId = isMessageId(content) ? content :  scope.idMap[content]  
-            content = scope.messages[msgId] || content
+            let msgId = isMessageId(result) ? result :  scope.idMap[result]  
+            result = scope.messages[msgId] || result
         }
          // 2. 处理复数
         // 经过上面的处理，content可能是字符串或者数组
         // content = "原始文本内容" || 复数形式["原始文本内容","原始文本内容"....]
         // 如果是数组说明要启用复数机制，需要根据插值变量中的某个变量来判断复数形式
-        if(Array.isArray(content) && content.length>0){
+        if(Array.isArray(result) && result.length>0){
             // 如果存在复数命名变量，只取第一个复数变量
-            if(pluraValue!==null){  // 启用的是位置插值,pluraIndex=第一个数字变量的位置
-                content = getPluraMessage(content,pluraValue)
-            }else if(pluralVar.length>0){
-                content = getPluraMessage(content,parseInt(vars(pluralVar[0])))
+            if(pluraValue!==null){  // 启用的是位置插值 
+                result = getPluraMessage(result,pluraValue)
             }else{ // 如果找不到复数变量，则使用第一个内容
-                content = content[0]
+                result = result[0]
             }
         }         
         // 进行插值处理
         if(vars.length==0){
-            return content
+            return result
         }else{
-            return replaceInterpolatedVars.call(scope,content,...vars)
+            return replaceInterpolatedVars.call(scope,result as string,...vars)
         }        
     }catch(e){
-        return content       // 出错则返回原始文本
+        return result       // 出错则返回原始文本
     } 
 }
   
\ No newline at end of file