diff --git a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Audit.php b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Audit.php
index f62e5365..3c22e918 100644
--- a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Audit.php
+++ b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Audit.php
@@ -20,18 +20,14 @@ class Audit extends Service
 
         $auditRepo = new AuditRepo();
 
-        $pager = $auditRepo->paginate($params, $sort, $page, $limit);
-
-        return $pager;
+        return $auditRepo->paginate($params, $sort, $page, $limit);
     }
 
     public function getAudit($id)
     {
         $auditRepo = new AuditRepo();
 
-        $audit = $auditRepo->findById($id);
-
-        return $audit;
+        return $auditRepo->findById($id);
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Category.php b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Category.php
index 5ff4782a..7e2bf2e5 100644
--- a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Category.php
+++ b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Category.php
@@ -5,16 +5,13 @@ namespace App\Http\Admin\Services;
 use App\Models\Category as CategoryModel;
 use App\Repos\Category as CategoryRepo;
 use App\Validators\Category as CategoryValidator;
-use Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Resultset;
 
 class Category extends Service
 {
 
     public function getCategory($id)
     {
-        $category = $this->findOrFail($id);
-
-        return $category;
+        return $this->findOrFail($id);
     }
 
     public function getParentCategory($id)
@@ -34,12 +31,10 @@ class Category extends Service
     {
         $categoryRepo = new CategoryRepo();
 
-        $categories = $categoryRepo->findAll([
+        return $categoryRepo->findAll([
             'parent_id' => 0,
             'deleted' => 0,
         ]);
-
-        return $categories;
     }
 
     public function getChildCategories($parentId)
@@ -48,12 +43,10 @@ class Category extends Service
 
         $categoryRepo = new CategoryRepo();
 
-        $categories = $categoryRepo->findAll([
+        return $categoryRepo->findAll([
             'parent_id' => $parentId,
             'deleted' => $deleted,
         ]);
-
-        return $categories;
     }
 
     public function createCategory()
@@ -180,9 +173,6 @@ class Category extends Service
     {
         $categoryRepo = new CategoryRepo();
 
-        /**
-         * @var Resultset|CategoryModel[] $categories
-         */
         $categories = $categoryRepo->findAll(['parent_id' => $parentId]);
 
         if ($categories->count() == 0) {
@@ -199,9 +189,6 @@ class Category extends Service
     {
         $categoryRepo = new CategoryRepo();
 
-        /**
-         * @var Resultset|CategoryModel[] $categories
-         */
         $categories = $categoryRepo->findAll(['parent_id' => $parentId]);
 
         if ($categories->count() == 0) {
@@ -218,9 +205,7 @@ class Category extends Service
     {
         $validator = new CategoryValidator();
 
-        $result = $validator->checkCategory($id);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $validator->checkCategory($id);
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Chapter.php b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Chapter.php
index fd12c551..af1151d7 100644
--- a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Chapter.php
+++ b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Chapter.php
@@ -18,19 +18,15 @@ class Chapter extends Service
 
         $chapterRepo = new ChapterRepo();
 
-        $result = $chapterRepo->findAll([
+        return $chapterRepo->findAll([
             'parent_id' => $parentId,
             'deleted' => $deleted,
         ]);
-
-        return $result;
     }
 
     public function getChapter($id)
     {
-        $chapter = $this->findOrFail($id);
-
-        return $chapter;
+        return $this->findOrFail($id);
     }
 
     public function createChapter()
@@ -64,8 +60,6 @@ class Chapter extends Service
         $this->updateChapterStats($chapter);
         $this->updateCourseStats($chapter);
 
-        $this->eventsManager->fire('chapterAdmin:afterCreate', $this, $chapter);
-
         return $chapter;
     }
 
@@ -107,8 +101,6 @@ class Chapter extends Service
         $this->updateChapterStats($chapter);
         $this->updateCourseStats($chapter);
 
-        $this->eventsManager->fire('chapterAdmin:afterUpdate', $this, $chapter);
-
         return $chapter;
     }
 
@@ -127,8 +119,6 @@ class Chapter extends Service
         $this->updateChapterStats($chapter);
         $this->updateCourseStats($chapter);
 
-        $this->eventsManager->fire('chapterAdmin:afterDelete', $this, $chapter);
-
         return $chapter;
     }
 
@@ -143,8 +133,6 @@ class Chapter extends Service
         $this->updateChapterStats($chapter);
         $this->updateCourseStats($chapter);
 
-        $this->eventsManager->fire('chapterAdmin:afterRestore', $this, $chapter);
-
         return $chapter;
     }
 
@@ -184,9 +172,7 @@ class Chapter extends Service
     {
         $validator = new ChapterValidator();
 
-        $result = $validator->checkChapter($id);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $validator->checkChapter($id);
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/app/Http/Admin/Services/ChapterContent.php b/app/Http/Admin/Services/ChapterContent.php
index b2597d33..94f03c76 100644
--- a/app/Http/Admin/Services/ChapterContent.php
+++ b/app/Http/Admin/Services/ChapterContent.php
@@ -20,27 +20,21 @@ class ChapterContent extends Service
     {
         $chapterRepo = new ChapterRepo();
 
-        $result = $chapterRepo->findChapterVod($chapterId);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $chapterRepo->findChapterVod($chapterId);
     }
 
     public function getChapterLive($chapterId)
     {
         $chapterRepo = new ChapterRepo();
 
-        $result = $chapterRepo->findChapterLive($chapterId);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $chapterRepo->findChapterLive($chapterId);
     }
 
     public function getChapterRead($chapterId)
     {
         $chapterRepo = new ChapterRepo();
 
-        $result = $chapterRepo->findChapterRead($chapterId);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $chapterRepo->findChapterRead($chapterId);
     }
 
     public function getPlayUrls($chapterId)
diff --git a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Comment.php b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Comment.php
index 757a7a4d..8b7b328a 100644
--- a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Comment.php
+++ b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Comment.php
@@ -28,34 +28,26 @@ class Comment extends Service
 
         $pager = $commentRepo->paginate($params, $sort, $page, $limit);
 
-        $result = $this->handleComments($pager);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $this->handleComments($pager);
     }
 
     public function getCourse($courseId)
     {
         $courseRepo = new CourseRepo();
 
-        $result = $courseRepo->findById($courseId);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $courseRepo->findById($courseId);
     }
 
     public function getChapter($chapterId)
     {
         $chapterRepo = new ChapterRepo();
 
-        $result = $chapterRepo->findById($chapterId);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $chapterRepo->findById($chapterId);
     }
 
     public function getComment($id)
     {
-        $comment = $this->findOrFail($id);
-
-        return $comment;
+        return $this->findOrFail($id);
     }
 
     public function updateComment($id)
@@ -135,9 +127,7 @@ class Comment extends Service
     {
         $validator = new CommentValidator();
 
-        $result = $validator->checkComment($id);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $validator->checkComment($id);
     }
 
     private function handleComments($pager)
diff --git a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Consult.php b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Consult.php
index 8e2a862b..24f6e418 100644
--- a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Consult.php
+++ b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Consult.php
@@ -34,16 +34,12 @@ class Consult extends Service
     {
         $courseRepo = new CourseRepo();
 
-        $result = $courseRepo->findById($courseId);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $courseRepo->findById($courseId);
     }
 
     public function getConsult($id)
     {
-        $result = $this->findOrFail($id);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $this->findOrFail($id);
     }
 
     public function updateConsult($id)
@@ -111,9 +107,7 @@ class Consult extends Service
     {
         $validator = new ConsultValidator();
 
-        $result = $validator->checkConsult($id);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $validator->checkConsult($id);
     }
 
     protected function handleConsults($pager)
diff --git a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Course.php b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Course.php
index bfaff11d..d955024f 100644
--- a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Course.php
+++ b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Course.php
@@ -4,12 +4,10 @@ namespace App\Http\Admin\Services;
 
 use App\Builders\CourseList as CourseListBuilder;
 use App\Library\Paginator\Query as PagerQuery;
-use App\Models\Category as CategoryModel;
 use App\Models\Course as CourseModel;
 use App\Models\CourseCategory as CourseCategoryModel;
 use App\Models\CourseRelated as CourseRelatedModel;
 use App\Models\CourseUser as CourseUserModel;
-use App\Models\User as UserModel;
 use App\Repos\Category as CategoryRepo;
 use App\Repos\Chapter as ChapterRepo;
 use App\Repos\Course as CourseRepo;
@@ -18,7 +16,6 @@ use App\Repos\CourseRelated as CourseRelatedRepo;
 use App\Repos\CourseUser as CourseUserRepo;
 use App\Repos\User as UserRepo;
 use App\Validators\Course as CourseValidator;
-use Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Resultset;
 
 class Course extends Service
 {
@@ -49,9 +46,7 @@ class Course extends Service
 
     public function getCourse($id)
     {
-        $course = $this->findOrFail($id);
-
-        return $course;
+        return $this->findOrFail($id);
     }
 
     public function createCourse()
@@ -69,8 +64,6 @@ class Course extends Service
 
         $course->create($data);
 
-        $this->eventsManager->fire('courseAdmin:afterCreate', $this, $course);
-
         return $course;
     }
 
@@ -141,8 +134,6 @@ class Course extends Service
 
         $course->update($data);
 
-        $this->eventsManager->fire('courseAdmin:afterUpdate', $this, $course);
-
         return $course;
     }
 
@@ -154,8 +145,6 @@ class Course extends Service
 
         $course->update();
 
-        $this->eventsManager->fire('courseAdmin:afterDelete', $this, $course);
-
         return $course;
     }
 
@@ -167,8 +156,6 @@ class Course extends Service
 
         $course->update();
 
-        $this->eventsManager->fire('courseAdmin:afterRestore', $this, $course);
-
         return $course;
     }
 
@@ -190,9 +177,6 @@ class Course extends Service
     {
         $categoryRepo = new CategoryRepo();
 
-        /**
-         * @var Resultset|CategoryModel[] $allCategories
-         */
         $allCategories = $categoryRepo->findAll(['deleted' => 0]);
 
         if ($allCategories->count() == 0) {
@@ -205,9 +189,6 @@ class Course extends Service
 
             $courseRepo = new CourseRepo();
 
-            /**
-             * @var Resultset|CategoryModel[] $courseCategories
-             */
             $courseCategories = $courseRepo->findCategories($id);
 
             if ($courseCategories->count() > 0) {
@@ -248,9 +229,6 @@ class Course extends Service
     {
         $userRepo = new UserRepo();
 
-        /**
-         * @var Resultset|UserModel[] $allTeachers
-         */
         $allTeachers = $userRepo->findTeachers();
 
         if ($allTeachers->count() == 0) {
@@ -263,9 +241,6 @@ class Course extends Service
 
             $courseRepo = new CourseRepo();
 
-            /**
-             * @var Resultset|UserModel[] $courseTeachers
-             */
             $courseTeachers = $courseRepo->findTeachers($id);
 
             if ($courseTeachers->count() > 0) {
@@ -293,9 +268,6 @@ class Course extends Service
     {
         $courseRepo = new CourseRepo();
 
-        /**
-         * @var Resultset|CourseModel[] $courses
-         */
         $courses = $courseRepo->findRelatedCourses($id);
 
         $list = [];
@@ -321,31 +293,24 @@ class Course extends Service
 
         $chapterRepo = new ChapterRepo();
 
-        $chapters = $chapterRepo->findAll([
+        return $chapterRepo->findAll([
             'parent_id' => 0,
             'course_id' => $course->id,
             'deleted' => $deleted,
         ]);
-
-        return $chapters;
     }
 
     protected function findOrFail($id)
     {
         $validator = new CourseValidator();
 
-        $result = $validator->checkCourse($id);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $validator->checkCourse($id);
     }
 
     protected function saveTeachers(CourseModel $course, $teacherIds)
     {
         $courseRepo = new CourseRepo();
 
-        /**
-         * @var Resultset|UserModel[] $courseTeachers
-         */
         $courseTeachers = $courseRepo->findTeachers($course->id);
 
         $originTeacherIds = [];
@@ -389,9 +354,6 @@ class Course extends Service
     {
         $courseRepo = new CourseRepo();
 
-        /**
-         * @var Resultset|CategoryModel[] $courseCategories
-         */
         $courseCategories = $courseRepo->findCategories($course->id);
 
         $originCategoryIds = [];
@@ -432,9 +394,6 @@ class Course extends Service
     {
         $courseRepo = new CourseRepo();
 
-        /**
-         * @var Resultset|CourseModel[] $relatedCourses
-         */
         $relatedCourses = $courseRepo->findRelatedCourses($course->id);
 
         $originRelatedIds = [];
diff --git a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Help.php b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Help.php
index 3990fbcf..2ed88cdf 100644
--- a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Help.php
+++ b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Help.php
@@ -15,18 +15,14 @@ class Help extends Service
 
         $helpRepo = new HelpRepo();
 
-        $helps = $helpRepo->findAll([
+        return $helpRepo->findAll([
             'deleted' => $deleted,
         ]);
-
-        return $helps;
     }
 
     public function getHelp($id)
     {
-        $help = $this->findOrFail($id);
-
-        return $help;
+        return $this->findOrFail($id);
     }
 
     public function createHelp()
@@ -106,9 +102,7 @@ class Help extends Service
     {
         $validator = new HelpValidator();
 
-        $result = $validator->checkHelp($id);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $validator->checkHelp($id);
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Nav.php b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Nav.php
index b323e721..b0a0d36d 100644
--- a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Nav.php
+++ b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Nav.php
@@ -6,16 +6,13 @@ use App\Caches\NavTreeList as NavTreeListCache;
 use App\Models\Nav as NavModel;
 use App\Repos\Nav as NavRepo;
 use App\Validators\Nav as NavValidator;
-use Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Resultset;
 
 class Nav extends Service
 {
 
     public function getNav($id)
     {
-        $nav = $this->findOrFail($id);
-
-        return $nav;
+        return $this->findOrFail($id);
     }
 
     public function getParentNav($id)
@@ -35,13 +32,11 @@ class Nav extends Service
     {
         $navRepo = new NavRepo();
 
-        $navs = $navRepo->findAll([
+        return $navRepo->findAll([
             'parent_id' => 0,
             'position' => 'top',
             'deleted' => 0,
         ]);
-
-        return $navs;
     }
 
     public function getChildNavs($parentId)
@@ -50,12 +45,10 @@ class Nav extends Service
 
         $navRepo = new NavRepo();
 
-        $navs = $navRepo->findAll([
+        return $navRepo->findAll([
             'parent_id' => $parentId,
             'deleted' => $deleted,
         ]);
-
-        return $navs;
     }
 
     public function createNav()
@@ -200,9 +193,6 @@ class Nav extends Service
     {
         $navRepo = new NavRepo();
 
-        /**
-         * @var Resultset $navs
-         */
         $navs = $navRepo->findAll(['parent_id' => $parentId]);
 
         if ($navs->count() == 0) {
@@ -219,9 +209,6 @@ class Nav extends Service
     {
         $navRepo = new NavRepo();
 
-        /**
-         * @var Resultset $navs
-         */
         $navs = $navRepo->findAll(['parent_id' => $parentId]);
 
         if ($navs->count() == 0) {
@@ -238,9 +225,7 @@ class Nav extends Service
     {
         $validator = new NavValidator();
 
-        $result = $validator->checkNav($id);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $validator->checkNav($id);
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Order.php b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Order.php
index 052b76c3..7f6d25e7 100644
--- a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Order.php
+++ b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Order.php
@@ -33,43 +33,33 @@ class Order extends Service
     {
         $orderRepo = new OrderRepo();
 
-        $trades = $orderRepo->findTrades($sn);
-
-        return $trades;
+        return $orderRepo->findTrades($sn);
     }
 
     public function getRefunds($sn)
     {
         $orderRepo = new OrderRepo();
 
-        $trades = $orderRepo->findRefunds($sn);
-
-        return $trades;
+        return $orderRepo->findRefunds($sn);
     }
 
     public function getUser($userId)
     {
         $userRepo = new UserRepo();
 
-        $user = $userRepo->findById($userId);
-
-        return $user;
+        return $userRepo->findById($userId);
     }
 
     public function getAccount($userId)
     {
         $accountRepo = new AccountRepo();
 
-        $account = $accountRepo->findById($userId);
-
-        return $account;
+        return $accountRepo->findById($userId);
     }
 
     public function getOrder($id)
     {
-        $order = $this->findOrFail($id);
-
-        return $order;
+        return $this->findOrFail($id);
     }
 
     public function closeOrder($id)
@@ -88,9 +78,7 @@ class Order extends Service
     {
         $validator = new OrderValidator();
 
-        $result = $validator->checkOrderById($id);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $validator->checkOrderById($id);
     }
 
     protected function handleOrders($pager)
diff --git a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Package.php b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Package.php
index c9abd3a5..e3df0de4 100644
--- a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Package.php
+++ b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Package.php
@@ -27,16 +27,12 @@ class Package extends Service
 
         $pageRepo = new PackageRepo();
 
-        $pager = $pageRepo->paginate($params, $sort, $page, $limit);
-
-        return $pager;
+        return $pageRepo->paginate($params, $sort, $page, $limit);
     }
 
     public function getPackage($id)
     {
-        $package = $this->findOrFail($id);
-
-        return $package;
+        return $this->findOrFail($id);
     }
 
     public function createPackage()
@@ -128,9 +124,7 @@ class Package extends Service
 
         $ids = explode(',', $courseIds);
 
-        $courses = $courseRepo->findByIds($ids);
-
-        return $courses;
+        return $courseRepo->findByIds($ids);
     }
 
     public function getGuidingPrice($courses)
@@ -230,9 +224,7 @@ class Package extends Service
     {
         $validator = new PackageValidator();
 
-        $result = $validator->checkPackage($id);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $validator->checkPackage($id);
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Page.php b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Page.php
index 2fc8deae..434ff177 100644
--- a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Page.php
+++ b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Page.php
@@ -24,16 +24,12 @@ class Page extends Service
 
         $pageRepo = new PageRepo();
 
-        $pager = $pageRepo->paginate($params, $sort, $page, $limit);
-
-        return $pager;
+        return $pageRepo->paginate($params, $sort, $page, $limit);
     }
 
     public function getPage($id)
     {
-        $page = $this->findOrFail($id);
-
-        return $page;
+        return $this->findOrFail($id);
     }
 
     public function createPage()
@@ -108,9 +104,7 @@ class Page extends Service
     {
         $validator = new PageValidator();
 
-        $result = $validator->checkPage($id);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $validator->checkPage($id);
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Refund.php b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Refund.php
index d4c8c16c..b84d26e2 100644
--- a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Refund.php
+++ b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Refund.php
@@ -43,45 +43,35 @@ class Refund extends Service
 
     public function getRefund($id)
     {
-        $refund = $this->findOrFail($id);
-
-        return $refund;
+        return $this->findOrFail($id);
     }
 
     public function getTrade($tradeId)
     {
         $tradeRepo = new TradeRepo();
 
-        $trade = $tradeRepo->findById($tradeId);
-
-        return $trade;
+        return $tradeRepo->findById($tradeId);
     }
 
     public function getOrder($orderId)
     {
         $orderRepo = new OrderRepo();
 
-        $order = $orderRepo->findById($orderId);
-
-        return $order;
+        return $orderRepo->findById($orderId);
     }
 
     public function getUser($userId)
     {
         $userRepo = new UserRepo();
 
-        $user = $userRepo->findById($userId);
-
-        return $user;
+        return $userRepo->findById($userId);
     }
 
     public function getAccount($userId)
     {
         $accountRepo = new AccountRepo();
 
-        $account = $accountRepo->findById($userId);
-
-        return $account;
+        return $accountRepo->findById($userId);
     }
 
     public function reviewRefund($id)
@@ -118,9 +108,7 @@ class Refund extends Service
     {
         $validator = new RefundValidator();
 
-        $result = $validator->checkRefund($id);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $validator->checkRefund($id);
     }
 
     protected function handleRefunds($pager)
diff --git a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Review.php b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Review.php
index 7c5ade21..39883857 100644
--- a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Review.php
+++ b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Review.php
@@ -34,16 +34,12 @@ class Review extends Service
     {
         $courseRepo = new CourseRepo();
 
-        $result = $courseRepo->findById($courseId);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $courseRepo->findById($courseId);
     }
 
     public function getReview($id)
     {
-        $result = $this->findOrFail($id);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $this->findOrFail($id);
     }
 
     public function updateReview($id)
@@ -111,9 +107,7 @@ class Review extends Service
     {
         $validator = new ReviewValidator();
 
-        $result = $validator->checkReview($id);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $validator->checkReview($id);
     }
 
     protected function handleReviews($pager)
diff --git a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Role.php b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Role.php
index 6e25f0a4..6668cdc0 100644
--- a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Role.php
+++ b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Role.php
@@ -24,16 +24,12 @@ class Role extends Service
 
         $roleRepo = new RoleRepo();
 
-        $roles = $roleRepo->findAll(['deleted' => $deleted]);
-
-        return $roles;
+        return $roleRepo->findAll(['deleted' => $deleted]);
     }
 
     public function getRole($id)
     {
-        $role = $this->findOrFail($id);
-
-        return $role;
+        return $this->findOrFail($id);
     }
 
     public function createRole()
@@ -105,9 +101,7 @@ class Role extends Service
     {
         $validator = new RoleValidator();
 
-        $result = $validator->checkRole($id);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $validator->checkRole($id);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -159,9 +153,9 @@ class Role extends Service
             $list[] = 'admin.chapter.restore';
         }
 
-        $result = array_values(array_unique($list));
+        $list = array_unique($list);
 
-        return $result;
+        return array_values($list);
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Slide.php b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Slide.php
index 7fd0285d..1708a369 100644
--- a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Slide.php
+++ b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Slide.php
@@ -24,16 +24,12 @@ class Slide extends Service
 
         $slideRepo = new SlideRepo();
 
-        $pager = $slideRepo->paginate($params, $sort, $page, $limit);
-
-        return $pager;
+        return $slideRepo->paginate($params, $sort, $page, $limit);
     }
 
     public function getSlide($id)
     {
-        $slide = $this->findOrFail($id);
-
-        return $slide;
+        return $this->findOrFail($id);
     }
 
     public function createSlide()
@@ -139,9 +135,7 @@ class Slide extends Service
     {
         $validator = new SlideValidator();
 
-        $result = $validator->checkSlide($id);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $validator->checkSlide($id);
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Student.php b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Student.php
index 2608ebed..cb940d0b 100644
--- a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Student.php
+++ b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Student.php
@@ -69,9 +69,7 @@ class Student extends Service
 
     public function getPlan($id)
     {
-        $result = $this->findOrFail($id);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $this->findOrFail($id);
     }
 
     public function createPlan()
@@ -134,9 +132,7 @@ class Student extends Service
     {
         $validator = new CourseUserValidator();
 
-        $result = $validator->checkCourseUser($id);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $validator->checkCourseUser($id);
     }
 
     protected function handlePlans($pager)
diff --git a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Topic.php b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Topic.php
index b9457050..2c504df8 100644
--- a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Topic.php
+++ b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Topic.php
@@ -26,16 +26,12 @@ class Topic extends Service
 
         $pageRepo = new TopicRepo();
 
-        $pager = $pageRepo->paginate($params, $sort, $page, $limit);
-
-        return $pager;
+        return $pageRepo->paginate($params, $sort, $page, $limit);
     }
 
     public function getTopic($id)
     {
-        $topic = $this->findOrFail($id);
-
-        return $topic;
+        return $this->findOrFail($id);
     }
 
     public function createTopic()
@@ -187,9 +183,7 @@ class Topic extends Service
     {
         $validator = new TopicValidator();
 
-        $result = $validator->checkTopic($id);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $validator->checkTopic($id);
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Trade.php b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Trade.php
index 78760466..81d9401b 100644
--- a/app/Http/Admin/Services/Trade.php
+++ b/app/Http/Admin/Services/Trade.php
@@ -45,45 +45,35 @@ class Trade extends Service
     {
         $tradeRepo = new TradeRepo();
 
-        $trade = $tradeRepo->findById($id);
-
-        return $trade;
+        return $tradeRepo->findById($id);
     }
 
     public function getOrder($orderId)
     {
         $orderRepo = new OrderRepo();
 
-        $order = $orderRepo->findById($orderId);
-
-        return $order;
+        return $orderRepo->findById($orderId);
     }
 
     public function getRefunds($tradeId)
     {
         $tradeRepo = new TradeRepo();
 
-        $refunds = $tradeRepo->findRefunds($tradeId);
-
-        return $refunds;
+        return $tradeRepo->findRefunds($tradeId);
     }
 
     public function getUser($userId)
     {
         $userRepo = new UserRepo();
 
-        $user = $userRepo->findById($userId);
-
-        return $user;
+        return $userRepo->findById($userId);
     }
 
     public function getAccount($userId)
     {
         $accountRepo = new AccountRepo();
 
-        $account = $accountRepo->findById($userId);
-
-        return $account;
+        return $accountRepo->findById($userId);
     }
 
     public function closeTrade($id)
@@ -127,9 +117,7 @@ class Trade extends Service
     {
         $validator = new TradeValidator();
 
-        $result = $validator->checkTrade($id);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $validator->checkTrade($id);
     }
 
     protected function handleTrades($pager)
diff --git a/app/Http/Admin/Services/User.php b/app/Http/Admin/Services/User.php
index 3967bc6c..9dcf0ea6 100644
--- a/app/Http/Admin/Services/User.php
+++ b/app/Http/Admin/Services/User.php
@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@ class User extends Service
     {
         $roleRepo = new RoleRepo();
 
-        $roles = $roleRepo->findAll(['deleted' => 0]);
-
-        return $roles;
+        return $roleRepo->findAll(['deleted' => 0]);
     }
 
     public function getUsers()
@@ -36,25 +34,19 @@ class User extends Service
 
         $pager = $userRepo->paginate($params, $sort, $page, $limit);
 
-        $result = $this->handleUsers($pager);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $this->handleUsers($pager);
     }
 
     public function getUser($id)
     {
-        $user = $this->findOrFail($id);
-
-        return $user;
+        return $this->findOrFail($id);
     }
 
     public function getAccount($id)
     {
         $accountRepo = new AccountRepo();
 
-        $account = $accountRepo->findById($id);
-
-        return $account;
+        return $accountRepo->findById($id);
     }
 
     public function createUser()
@@ -205,9 +197,7 @@ class User extends Service
     {
         $validator = new UserValidator();
 
-        $result = $validator->checkUser($id);
-
-        return $result;
+        return $validator->checkUser($id);
     }
 
     protected function updateAdminUserCount($roleId)
diff --git a/app/Http/Admin/Services/XmCourse.php b/app/Http/Admin/Services/XmCourse.php
index dcc20efa..fbf35967 100644
--- a/app/Http/Admin/Services/XmCourse.php
+++ b/app/Http/Admin/Services/XmCourse.php
@@ -22,9 +22,7 @@ class XmCourse extends Service
 
         $courseRepo = new CourseRepo();
 
-        $pager = $courseRepo->paginate($params, $sort, $page, $limit);
-
-        return $pager;
+        return $courseRepo->paginate($params, $sort, $page, $limit);
     }
 
     public function getPaidCourses()
@@ -42,9 +40,7 @@ class XmCourse extends Service
 
         $courseRepo = new CourseRepo();
 
-        $pager = $courseRepo->paginate($params, $sort, $page, $limit);
-
-        return $pager;
+        return $courseRepo->paginate($params, $sort, $page, $limit);
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/app/Http/Web/Controllers/IndexController.php b/app/Http/Web/Controllers/IndexController.php
index 816d0724..3d13c18b 100644
--- a/app/Http/Web/Controllers/IndexController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Web/Controllers/IndexController.php
@@ -12,8 +12,6 @@ class IndexController extends Controller
     {
         $this->seo->setKeywords($this->site->keywords);
         $this->seo->setDescription($this->site->description);
-
-
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/app/Http/Web/Views/index/index.volt b/app/Http/Web/Views/index/index.volt
index 3cf49c6a..61999092 100644
--- a/app/Http/Web/Views/index/index.volt
+++ b/app/Http/Web/Views/index/index.volt
@@ -1,21 +1,7 @@
-{% extends "templates/base.volt" %}
+{% extends 'templates/base.volt' %}
 
 {% block content %}
+
     <img src="/qr/img?text=http://ctc.koogua.com">
-{% endblock %}
 
-{% block inline_css %}
-    <style>
-        .ok {
-            font-weight: bold;
-        }
-    </style>
-{% endblock %}
-
-{% block inline_js %}
-    <script>
-        function ok() {
-            console.log("fuck");
-        }
-    </script>
 {% endblock %}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/app/Http/Web/Views/partials/footer.volt b/app/Http/Web/Views/partials/footer.volt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..49325c9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Http/Web/Views/partials/footer.volt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<h1>I am footer</h1>
diff --git a/app/Http/Web/Views/partials/header.volt b/app/Http/Web/Views/partials/header.volt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b5659ae0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Http/Web/Views/partials/header.volt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<h1>I am header</h1>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/app/Http/Web/Views/partials/pager.volt b/app/Http/Web/Views/partials/pager.volt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3f8b8892
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Http/Web/Views/partials/pager.volt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{% if pager.total_pages > 1 %}
+    <div class="layui-box layui-laypage layui-laypage-default">
+        <a href="{{ pager.first }}">首页</a>
+        <a href="{{ pager.previous }}">上页</a>
+        <a href="{{ pager.next }}">下页</a>
+        <a href="{{ pager.last }}">尾页</a>
+    </div>
+{% endif %}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/app/Http/Web/Views/templates/base.volt b/app/Http/Web/Views/templates/base.volt
index 2ae9fc46..76f02fba 100644
--- a/app/Http/Web/Views/templates/base.volt
+++ b/app/Http/Web/Views/templates/base.volt
@@ -9,13 +9,21 @@
     {{ icon_link("favicon.ico") }}
     {{ css_link("lib/layui/css/layui.css") }}
     {{ css_link("web/css/style.css") }}
-    {% block header_css %}{% endblock %}
+    {% block link_css %}{% endblock %}
     {% block inline_css %}{% endblock %}
 </head>
 <body>
-{% block content %}{% endblock %}
+<div id="header">
+    {{ partial('partials/header') }}
+</div>
+<div id="content">
+    {% block content %}{% endblock %}
+</div>
+<div id="footer">
+    {{ partial('partials/footer') }}
+</div>
 {{ js_include("lib/layui/layui.js") }}
-{% block footer_js %}{% endblock %}
+{% block include_js %}{% endblock %}
 {% block inline_js %}{% endblock %}
 </body>
 </html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/app/Listeners/ChapterAdmin.php b/app/Listeners/ChapterAdmin.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 9bcb4054..00000000
--- a/app/Listeners/ChapterAdmin.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Listeners;
-
-use App\Caches\Chapter as ChapterCache;
-use App\Caches\MaxChapterId as MaxChapterIdCache;
-use App\Models\Chapter as ChapterModel;
-use Phalcon\Events\Event;
-
-class ChapterAdmin extends Listener
-{
-
-    protected $logger;
-
-    public function __construct()
-    {
-        $this->logger = $this->getLogger();
-    }
-
-    public function afterCreate(Event $event, $source, ChapterModel $chapter)
-    {
-        $this->syncMaxIdCache();
-
-        $this->logger->debug('Event: {event}, Source: {source}, Data: {data}', [
-            'event' => $event->getType(),
-            'source' => get_class($source),
-            'data' => kg_json_encode($chapter),
-        ]);
-    }
-
-    public function afterUpdate(Event $event, $source, ChapterModel $chapter)
-    {
-        if ($chapter->published == 1) {
-            $this->syncCache($chapter);
-        }
-
-        $this->logger->debug('Event: {event}, Source: {source}, Data: {data}', [
-            'event' => $event->getType(),
-            'source' => get_class($source),
-            'data' => kg_json_encode($chapter),
-        ]);
-    }
-
-    public function afterDelete(Event $event, $source, ChapterModel $chapter)
-    {
-        if ($chapter->published == 1) {
-            $this->syncCache($chapter);
-        }
-
-        $this->logger->debug('Event: {event}, Source: {source}, Data: {data}', [
-            'event' => $event->getType(),
-            'source' => get_class($source),
-            'data' => kg_json_encode($chapter),
-        ]);
-    }
-
-    public function afterRestore(Event $event, $source, ChapterModel $chapter)
-    {
-        if ($chapter->published == 1) {
-            $this->syncCache($chapter);
-        }
-
-        $this->logger->debug('Event: {event}, Source: {source}, Data: {data}', [
-            'event' => $event->getType(),
-            'source' => get_class($source),
-            'data' => kg_json_encode($chapter),
-        ]);
-    }
-
-    protected function syncMaxIdCache()
-    {
-        $maxIdCache = new MaxChapterIdCache();
-
-        $maxIdCache->rebuild();
-    }
-
-    protected function syncCache(ChapterModel $chapter)
-    {
-        $chapterCache = new ChapterCache();
-
-        $chapterCache->rebuild($chapter->id);
-    }
-
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/app/Listeners/CourseAdmin.php b/app/Listeners/CourseAdmin.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 94eefc02..00000000
--- a/app/Listeners/CourseAdmin.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Listeners;
-
-use App\Caches\Course as CourseCache;
-use App\Caches\MaxCourseId as MaxCourseIdCache;
-use App\Models\Course as CourseModel;
-use App\Services\CourseIndexSyncer;
-use Phalcon\Events\Event;
-
-class CourseAdmin extends Listener
-{
-
-    protected $logger;
-
-    public function __construct()
-    {
-        $this->logger = $this->getLogger();
-    }
-
-    public function afterCreate(Event $event, $source, CourseModel $course)
-    {
-        if ($course->published == 1) {
-            $this->syncMaxIdCache();
-            $this->syncCache($course);
-            $this->syncIndex($course);
-        }
-
-        $this->logger->debug('Event: {event}, Source: {source}, Data: {data}', [
-            'event' => $event->getType(),
-            'source' => get_class($source),
-            'data' => kg_json_encode($course),
-        ]);
-    }
-
-    public function afterUpdate(Event $event, $source, CourseModel $course)
-    {
-        if ($course->published == 1) {
-            $this->syncCache($course);
-            $this->syncIndex($course);
-        }
-
-        $this->logger->debug('Event: {event}, Source: {source}, Data: {data}', [
-            'event' => $event->getType(),
-            'source' => get_class($source),
-            'data' => kg_json_encode($course),
-        ]);
-    }
-
-    public function afterDelete(Event $event, $source, CourseModel $course)
-    {
-        if ($course->published == 1) {
-            $this->syncCache($course);
-            $this->syncIndex($course);
-        }
-
-        $this->logger->debug('Event: {event}, Source: {source}, Data: {data}', [
-            'event' => $event->getType(),
-            'source' => get_class($source),
-            'data' => kg_json_encode($course),
-        ]);
-    }
-
-    public function afterRestore(Event $event, $source, CourseModel $course)
-    {
-        if ($course->published == 1) {
-            $this->syncCache($course);
-            $this->syncIndex($course);
-        }
-
-        $this->logger->debug('Event: {event}, Source: {source}, Data: {data}', [
-            'event' => $event->getType(),
-            'source' => get_class($source),
-            'data' => kg_json_encode($course),
-        ]);
-    }
-
-    protected function syncMaxIdCache()
-    {
-        $maxIdCache = new MaxCourseIdCache();
-
-        $maxIdCache->rebuild();
-    }
-
-    protected function syncCache(CourseModel $course)
-    {
-        $courseCache = new CourseCache();
-
-        $courseCache->rebuild($course->id);
-    }
-
-    protected function syncIndex(CourseModel $course)
-    {
-        $indexSyncer = new CourseIndexSyncer();
-
-        $indexSyncer->addItem($course->id);
-    }
-
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/app/Models/Category.php b/app/Models/Category.php
index 016e990d..69a37811 100644
--- a/app/Models/Category.php
+++ b/app/Models/Category.php
@@ -134,12 +134,15 @@ class Category extends Model
     public function rebuildCache()
     {
         $itemCache = new CategoryCache();
+
         $itemCache->rebuild($this->id);
 
         $listCache = new CategoryListCache();
+
         $listCache->rebuild();
 
         $treeListCache = new CategoryTreeListCache();
+
         $treeListCache->rebuild();
     }
 
diff --git a/app/Models/Course.php b/app/Models/Course.php
index 09c3f79a..316d3b1b 100644
--- a/app/Models/Course.php
+++ b/app/Models/Course.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace App\Models;
 
+use App\Services\CourseIndexSyncer;
 use Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Behavior\SoftDelete;
 
 class Course extends Model
@@ -113,6 +114,13 @@ class Course extends Model
      */
     public $refund_expiry;
 
+    /**
+     * 用户评价
+     *
+     * @var float
+     */
+    public $rating;
+
     /**
      * 综合得分
      *
@@ -141,13 +149,6 @@ class Course extends Model
      */
     public $attrs;
 
-    /**
-     * 课时数
-     *
-     * @var int
-     */
-    public $lesson_count;
-
     /**
      * 学员数
      *
@@ -155,6 +156,13 @@ class Course extends Model
      */
     public $user_count;
 
+    /**
+     * 课时数
+     *
+     * @var int
+     */
+    public $lesson_count;
+
     /**
      * 评论数
      *
@@ -260,16 +268,35 @@ class Course extends Model
         }
     }
 
+    public function afterCreate()
+    {
+        $this->rebuildIndex();
+    }
+
+    public function afterUpdate()
+    {
+        $this->rebuildIndex();
+    }
+
     public function afterFetch()
     {
         $this->market_price = (float)$this->market_price;
         $this->vip_price = (float)$this->vip_price;
+        $this->rating = (float)$this->rating;
+        $this->score = (float)$this->score;
 
         if (!empty($this->attrs)) {
             $this->attrs = json_decode($this->attrs, true);
         }
     }
 
+    public function rebuildIndex()
+    {
+        $syncer = new CourseIndexSyncer();
+
+        $syncer->addItem($this->id);
+    }
+
     public static function modelTypes()
     {
         return [
diff --git a/app/Models/Nav.php b/app/Models/Nav.php
index 048ce64f..ea6d0e2b 100644
--- a/app/Models/Nav.php
+++ b/app/Models/Nav.php
@@ -157,8 +157,9 @@ class Nav extends Model
 
     public function rebuildCache()
     {
-        $treeListCache = new NavTreeListCache();
-        $treeListCache->rebuild();
+        $cache = new NavTreeListCache();
+
+        $cache->rebuild();
     }
 
     public static function positionTypes()
diff --git a/app/Models/Slide.php b/app/Models/Slide.php
index ff7e9b83..6abd7054 100644
--- a/app/Models/Slide.php
+++ b/app/Models/Slide.php
@@ -131,8 +131,9 @@ class Slide extends Model
 
     public function rebuildCache()
     {
-        $listCache = new SlideListCache();
-        $listCache->rebuild();
+        $cache = new SlideListCache();
+
+        $cache->rebuild();
     }
 
     public static function targetTypes()
diff --git a/app/Providers/Seo.php b/app/Providers/Seo.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 624573d5..00000000
--- a/app/Providers/Seo.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Providers;
-
-use App\Library\Util\Seo as AppSeo;
-
-class Seo extends Provider
-{
-
-    protected $serviceName = 'seo';
-
-    public function register()
-    {
-        $this->di->setShared($this->serviceName, function () {
-            return new AppSeo();
-        });
-    }
-
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/app/Repos/Course.php b/app/Repos/Course.php
index e64a27d6..ba0f0db2 100644
--- a/app/Repos/Course.php
+++ b/app/Repos/Course.php
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ class Course extends Repository
     public function countConsults($courseId)
     {
         return ConsultModel::count([
-            'conditions' => 'course_id = :course_id: AND deleted = 0',
+            'conditions' => 'course_id = :course_id: AND published = 1',
             'bind' => ['course_id' => $courseId],
         ]);
     }
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ class Course extends Repository
     public function countReviews($courseId)
     {
         return ReviewModel::count([
-            'conditions' => 'course_id = :course_id: AND deleted = 0',
+            'conditions' => 'course_id = :course_id: AND published = 1',
             'bind' => ['course_id' => $courseId],
         ]);
     }
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ class Course extends Repository
     public function countComments($courseId)
     {
         return CommentModel::count([
-            'conditions' => 'course_id = :course_id: AND deleted = 0',
+            'conditions' => 'course_id = :course_id: AND published = 1',
             'bind' => ['course_id' => $courseId],
         ]);
     }
@@ -315,7 +315,16 @@ class Course extends Repository
     public function countFavorites($courseId)
     {
         return CourseFavoriteModel::count([
-            'conditions' => 'course_id = :course_id: AND deleted = 0',
+            'conditions' => 'course_id = :course_id: AND published = 1',
+            'bind' => ['course_id' => $courseId],
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function averageRating($courseId)
+    {
+        return ReviewModel::average([
+            'column' => 'rating',
+            'conditions' => 'course_id = :course_id: AND published = 1',
             'bind' => ['course_id' => $courseId],
         ]);
     }
diff --git a/app/Searchers/CourseDocument.php b/app/Searchers/CourseDocument.php
index 753cc019..6ffc9530 100644
--- a/app/Searchers/CourseDocument.php
+++ b/app/Searchers/CourseDocument.php
@@ -47,13 +47,17 @@ class CourseDocument extends Component
             'vip_price' => $course->vip_price,
             'study_expiry' => $course->study_expiry,
             'refund_expiry' => $course->refund_expiry,
+            'rating' => $course->rating,
             'score' => $course->score,
             'model' => $course->model,
             'level' => $course->level,
             'attrs' => $course->attrs,
             'user_count' => $course->user_count,
             'lesson_count' => $course->lesson_count,
-            'create_time' => $course->create_time,
+            'comment_count' => $course->comment_count,
+            'consult_count' => $course->consult_count,
+            'review_count' => $course->review_count,
+            'favorite_count' => $course->favorite_count,
         ];
     }
 
diff --git a/app/Services/CourseStats.php b/app/Services/CourseStats.php
index 1877235e..d5f0a438 100644
--- a/app/Services/CourseStats.php
+++ b/app/Services/CourseStats.php
@@ -33,6 +33,24 @@ class CourseStats extends Service
         $course->update();
     }
 
+    public function updateRating($courseId)
+    {
+        $courseRepo = new CourseRepo();
+
+        $course = $courseRepo->findById($courseId);
+
+        $rating = $courseRepo->averageRating($courseId);
+
+        $course->rating = $rating;
+
+        $course->update();
+    }
+
+    public function updateScore($courseId)
+    {
+
+    }
+
     public function updateReadAttrs($courseId)
     {
         $courseRepo = new CourseRepo();
diff --git a/config/events.php b/config/events.php
index a45ef269..f536fedf 100644
--- a/config/events.php
+++ b/config/events.php
@@ -1,17 +1,11 @@
 <?php
 
-use App\Listeners\ChapterAdmin;
-use App\Listeners\CourseAdmin;
 use App\Listeners\Payment;
 use App\Listeners\Profiler;
 use App\Listeners\UserDailyCounter;
 
 return [
-
     'db' => Profiler::class,
     'payment' => Payment::class,
     'userDailyCounter' => UserDailyCounter::class,
-    'courseAdmin' => CourseAdmin::class,
-    'chapterAdmin' => ChapterAdmin::class,
-
 ];
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/config/xs.course.default.ini b/config/xs.course.default.ini
index ebe84036..ccc82062 100644
--- a/config/xs.course.default.ini
+++ b/config/xs.course.default.ini
@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@ type = string
 [refund_expiry]
 type = string
 
+[rating]
+type = numeric
+
 [score]
 type = numeric
 
@@ -54,5 +57,14 @@ type = string
 [lesson_count]
 type = string
 
-[create_time]
-type = numeric
+[comment_count]
+type = string
+
+[consult_count]
+type = string
+
+[review_count]
+type = string
+
+[favorite_count]
+type = string
\ No newline at end of file